Activate the Yeast: In a small bowl, combine the warm water (100°F) with sugar and sprinkle the yeast on top. Stir gently and let sit for 5-10 minutes until it becomes foamy. Mix Dry Ingredients: In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour and salt. Stir to evenly distribute the salt through the flour.
Add Wet Ingredients: Pour the activated yeast mixture and olive oil into the flour mixture. Stir until a sticky dough forms.
Incorporate Add-ins: Add the chopped olives and grated parmesan to the dough, and stir until evenly distributed.
Knead the Dough: Turn the dough out onto a floured surface and knead for 8-10 minutes until smooth and elastic. You can also use a stand mixer with a dough hook for this step. First Rise: Place the dough in a lightly oiled bowl and cover it with a damp cloth or plastic wrap.Let it rise in a warm place for 1-2 hours, or until it has doubled in size. Shape the Dough: Punch down the dough and transfer it to a floured surface. Shape the dough into a round loaf by folding the edges inward and rolling it into a tight ball. Second Rise: Place the shaped dough on a piece of parchment paper and cover it with a cloth. Let it rise for 30-45 minutes.
Preheat the Dutch Oven: Preheat your Dutch oven, with the lid on, in the oven at 475°F (245°C) for 30 minutes.
Bake the Bread: Carefully transfer the dough (with parchment paper) into the preheated Dutch oven. Cover with the lid and bake for 25 minutes. Uncover and Finish Baking: After 25 minutes, remove the lid and bake the bread for another 15-20 minutes, or until the top is golden brown and the crust is crisp.
Cool: Remove the bread from the Dutch oven and cool on a wire rack for at least 15 minutes before slicing.